USGS Denver Inclusion Analysis Laboratory
The reference list provides additional examples where one or more inclusion analysis techniques have been applied to ore deposit problems.
Definitions of analytical techniques (always in same order)
M = Microthermometry
R = Raman
G = Gases by quadrupole mass spectrometer
E = Electron microprobe
L = LA-ICP-MS
I = Ions by chromatography
S = Stable isotopes
N = Noble Gas isotopes
| MRGLI | Hofstra, A.H., Todorov, T.I., Marsh, E.E., Emsbo, P., and Landis, G.P., 2010, Chemical composition of fluid inclusions, U.S. Antimony Mine, MT — Relation to giant silver veins in the Coeur d'Alene District, ID, USA: PACROFI X 2010, June 7-10, 2010, Las Vegas, Nevada, 2 p. |
| Analytical Technique | References |
|---|---|
| EL | Adams, D.T., Hofstra, A.H., Cosca, M.A., Todorov, T.I., and Marsh, E.E., 2009, Age of sanidine and composition of melt inclusions in quartz phenocrysts from volcanic rocks associated with large Mo and Be deposits in the western United States: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 41, p. 255. |
| EL | Adams, D., Todorov, T., Premo, W.R., Hofstra, A.H., and Rye, R.O., 2009, The age of zircons and composition of melt inclusions in quartz phenocrysts from an altered dike indicate the ~14 Ma Alunite Ridge - Deer Trail sytem overlies a 30.7 Ma silicic intrusion: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 41, p. 20. |
| MS | Afifi, A.M., Kelly, W.C., and Rye, R.O., 1985, Fluid inclusion and stable isotope study of telluride mineralization at Mahd adh Dhahab, Saudi Arabia: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 17, p. 510. |
| I | Anthony, M., Emsbo, P., and Hofstra, A.H., 2002, Determination of solute composition of fluid inclusions in hydrothermal minerals by ion chromatography: Applications to ore genesis studies: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 34, p. 340. |
| MS | Beaty, D.W., Cunningham, C.G., Rye, R.O., Steven, T.A., and Gonzalez-Urien, E., 1986, Geology and geochemistry of the Deer Trail Pb-Zn-Ag-Au-Cu manto deposits, Marysvale District, west-central Utah: Economic Geology, v. 81, p. 1932-1952. |
| S | Bethke, P.M. and Rye, R.O., 1979, Environment of ore deposition in the Creede mining district, San Juan Mountains, Colorado; Part IV, Source of fluids, from oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon isotope studies: Economic Geology, v. 74, p. 1832-1851. |
| MS | Bethke, P.M., Rye, R.O., Stoffregen, R.E., and Vikre, P.G., 2005, Evolution of the magmatic-hydrothermal acid-sulfate system at Summitville, Colorado; integration of geological, stable isotope, and fluid inclusion evidence: Chemical Geology, v. 215, p. 281-315. |
| MGS | Cline, J.S. and Hofstra, A.H., 2000, Ore fluid evolution at the Getchell Carlin-type gold deposit, Nevada, USA: European Journal of Mineralogy, v. 12, p. 195-212. |
| MGS | Cline, J.S, Hofstra, A.H., Rye, R.O., and Landis, G.P., 1996, Stable isotope and fluid inclusion evidence for a deep sourced ore fluid at the Getchell, carlin-type, gold deposit, Nevada: Program and Abstracts - Biennial Pan-American Conference on Research on Fluid Inclusions, v. 6, p. 33-35. |
| MIS | Daliran, F., Hofstra, A., Walther, J., and Stuben, D., 2002, Agdarreh and Zarshuran SRHDG Deposits, Takab Region, NW-Iran: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 34, p. 141. |
| MS | Deen, J.A., Rye, R.O., Munoz, J.L., and Drexler, J.W., 1994, The magmatic hydrothermal system at Julcani, Peru; evidence from fluid inclusions and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes: Economic Geology, v. 89, p. 1924-1938. |
| MG | DeWitt, E., Landis, G.P., Zartman, R.E., Garaype, E., Martins Pereira, S.L., Bueno do Prado, M.G., Reis Vieira, F.W., and Thorman, C.H., 1994, Isotopic and fluid-inclusion data on the age and origin of the Sao Bento and Morro Velho gold deposits, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in Carter, L.M.H., Toth, M.I., and Day, W.C., eds., USGS research on mineral resources, 1994; Part A, Program and abstracts: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1103-A, p. 27-28. |
| G | Deyell, C.L., Rye, R.O., Landis, G.P., Bissig, and T., 2005, Alunite and the role of magmatic fluids in the Tambo high-sulfidation deposit, El Indio-Pascua Belt, Chile: Chemical Geology, v. 215, p. 185-218. |
| MI | Emsbo, P., 2008, Metalliferous organic-rich black shales: Are exhalative hydrothermal processes fundamental to their genesis?: International Geological Congress, Abstracts, Resumes, v. 33, Abstract 1324230. |
| MI | Emsbo, P. 2009, Fluid inclusion Cl-Br-Na ratios implicate residual evaporative brines in the formation of supergiant sedex zinc deposits: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 41, p. 254. |
| MI | Emsbo, P., 2009, Geologic criteria for the assessment of sedimentary exhalative (sedex) Zn-Pb-Ag deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1209, 21 p. |
| MS | Emsbo, P., Hofstra, A.H., Lauha, E.A., Griffin, G.L., and Hutchinson, R.W., 2003, Origin of high grade gold ore, source of ore fluid components, and genesis of Meikle and neighboring Carlin-type deposits, northern Carlin trend, Nevada: Economic Geology, v. 98, p. 1069-1106. |
| S | Foley, N.K., Bethke, P.M., and Rye, R.O, 1989, A reinterpretation of the δD H2O of inclusion fluids in contemporaneous quartz and sphalerite, Creede mining district, Colorado; a generic problem for shallow orebodies?: Economic Geology, v. 84, p. 1966-1977. |
| MG | Goldfarb, R.J., Leach, D.L., Rose, S.C., and Landis, G.P., 1989, Fluid inclusion geochemistry of gold-bearing quartz veins of the Juneau gold belt, southeastern Alaska; implications for ore genesis: Economic Geology Monographs, v. 6, p. 363-375. |
| MRLIN | Goldfarb, R.J., Ayuso, R., Miller, M.L., Ebert, S., Marsh, E.E., Petsel, S.A., Miller, L.D., Bradley, D., Johnson, C., and McClelland, W., 2004, The Late Cretaceous Donlin Creek gold deposit, southwestern Alaska--geological and geochemical controls on epizonal ore formation: Economic Geology, v. 99, p. 643-672. |
| MGN | Hayes, T.S., Landis, G.P., Whelan, J.F., Rye, R.O., and Moscati, R.J., submitted, The Spar Lake strata-bound Cu-Ag deposit formed across a mixing zone between trapped natural gas and metals-bearing brine: Economic Geology, submitted. |
| I | Hofstra, A.H. and Emsbo, P., 1992, A new method to analyze anions and cations in fluid inclusions using ion chromatography--Applications to ore genesis: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 24, p. A144. |
| S | Hofstra, A.H., and Rye, R.O., 1998, δD and δ18O data from Carlin-type gold deposits-Implications for genetic models, in Tosdal, R.M., ed., Contributions to the gold metallogeny of northern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 98-338, p. 202-210. |
| MGS | Hofstra, A.H. and Cline, J.S., 2000, Characteristics and models for Carlin-type gold deposits, in Hagemann, S.G. and Brown, P.E., eds., Gold In 2000: Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 13, p. 163-220. |
| I | Hofstra, A.H., Emsbo, P., 2005, Source of salt in hydrothermal fluids based on Na-Cl-Br of fluid inclusions: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 69, p. 881. |
| G | Hofstra, A.H. and Landis, G.P., 2009, Analysis of gases in single melt or fluid inclusions by quadrupole mass spectrometry [QMS] and ion trap-time of flight-mass spectrometry [IT-ToF-MS] - Application to mineral resource investigations: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 41, p. 332. |
| G | Hofstra, A. H., Leach, D.L., Landis, G.P., Viets, J.G., Rowan, E.L., and Plumlee, G.S., 1989, Fluid inclusion gas geochemistry as a monitor of ore depositional processes in Mississippi Valley-type deposits in the Ozark Region: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1043, p. 11-12. |
| G | Hofstra, A.H., Taylor, C.D., Yancey, R.J., Allerton, S.B.M., and Landis, G.P., 1995, Volatile compositions of fluid inclusions from the Denton mine, Illinois-Kentucky Fluorspar district, in Leach, D.L., and Goldhaber, M.B., eds., International Field Conference on Carbonate Hosted Lead-Zinc Deposits, St. Louis Missouri: Society of Economic Geologists, p. 134-135. |
| S | Hofstra, A.H., Snee, L.W., Rye, R.O., Folger, H.W., Phinisey, J.D., Loranger, R.J., Dahl, A. R., Naeser, C.W., Stein, H.J., Lewchuk, M., 1999, Age constraints on Jerritt Canyon and other Carlin-type gold deposits in the western United States -- Relation to mid-Tertiary extension and magmatism: Economic Geology, v. 94, p. 769-802. |
| MIS | Hofstra, A.H., Emsbo, P., Christiansen, W.D., Theodorakos, P., Zhang, X.C., Hu, R.Z., Su, W.C., and Fu, S.H., 2005, Source of ore fluids in carlin-type gold deposits, China; implications for genetic models: Proceedings of the Eighth Biennial Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits Meeting, v. 8, p. 533-536. |
| MRGELISN | Hofstra, A.H., Rye, R.O., Landis, G.P., Johnson, C.A., Emsbo, P., Koenig, A.E., Marsh, E.E., Todorov, T.I., Adams, D.T., 2009, Overview of the USGS Denver Inclusion Analysis Laboratory [DIAL] and applications to mineral resource investigations: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 41, p. 254. |
| N | Hofstra, A.H., Landis, G.P., Premo, W.R., Ressel, M.W., and Henry, C.D., 2010, Evaluation of the role of magmatic volatiles from Eocene mafic to felsic igneous rocks in the formation of Carlin-type gold deposits in the Carlin trend and Jerritt Canyon district as constrained by He, Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopic data: Geological Society of Nevada 2010 Symposium, Great Basin Evolution and Metallogeny, May 14-22, Sparks, Nevada, p. 53. |
| GN | Hunt, A.G., Breit, G.N., Bergfeld, D., Rytuba, J.J., Wolf, R.E., and Landis, G.P., 2009, Use of noble gas geochemistry and trace element analysis to determine if modern geothermal waters are responsible for associated epithermal Au deposits: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 41, p. 526. |
| MS | John D.A., Hofstra, A.H., Fleck, R.J., Saderholm, E.C., and Brummer, J.E., 2003, Geologic setting and genesis of the Mule Canyon low-sulfidation epithermal gold-silver deposits, Lander County, Nevada: Economic Geology, v. 98, p. 425-464. |
| N | Johnson, C.A., Landis, G., Bookstrom, A.A., 2007, Sulfur and helium isotopes in the cobalt+copper+ or - gold deposits of the Idaho cobalt belt: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 39, p. 412. |
| MS | Kelly, W.C. and Rye, R.O., 1979, Geologic, fluid inclusion, and stable isotope studies of the tin-tungsten deposits of Panasqueira, Portugal: Economic Geology, v. 74, p. 1721-1822. |
| MS | Landis, G.P., and Rye, R.O., 1974, Geologic, fluid inclusion, and stable isotope studies of the Pasto Buena tungsten-base metal ore deposit, northern Peru: Economic Geology, v. 69, p. 1025-1059. |
| G | Landis, G.P. and Hofstra, A. H., 1991, Fluid inclusion gas chemistry as a potential minerals exploration tool: case studies from Creede, CO, Jerritt Canyon, NV, Coeur d'Alene district, ID and MT, Southern Alaska mesothermal veins, and mid-continent MVT's: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 42, p. 25-59. |
| GN | Landis, G.P., and Rye, R.O., 2005, Characterization of gas chemistry and noble-gas isotope ratios of inclusion fluids in magmatic-hydrothermal and magmatic-steam alunite: Chemical Geology, v. 215, p. 155-184. |
| GN | Landis, G.P., and Rye, R.O., 2006, Active and noble gas in terrestrial jarosite- and alunite-hosted fluid inclusions; insights and constraints on formation of Martian sulfates: LPI Contribution, Report 1331, Abstract 7027. |
| GN | Landis, G.P., and Rye, R.O., 2009, Fluid inclusion active and noble gases in coarse-banded alunite veins at Alunite Ridge, Marysvale, Utah, and implications for crust-mantle magmatic volatile evolution: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 41, p. 525. |
| GIN | Landis, G.P., and Hofstra, A.H., in review, Genetic constraints on the Idaho Cobalt Belt from gas, noble gas isotope, and ion ratio analyses of fluid inclusions: Economic Geology, in review. |
| GN | Landis, G.P., Snee, L.W., and Juliani, C., 2005, Evaluation of argon ages and integrity of fluid-inclusion compositions; stepwise noble gas heating experiments on 1.87 Ga alunite from Tapajos Province, Brazil: Chemical Geology, v. 215, p. 127-153. |
| MRG | Leach, D.L., Landis, G.P., and Hofstra, A.H., 1988, Genesis of the Coeur d'Alene base- and precious-metal veins during Proterozoic metamorphism of the Belt Basin: Geology, v. 16, p. 122-125. |
| MI | Leach, D.L., Plumlee, G.S., Hofstra, A.H., Landis, G.P., Rowan, E.L., and Viets, J.B., 1991, Origin of late dolomite cement by CO2-saturated deep basin brines: evidence from the Ozark Region, USA: Geology, p. 348-351. |
| MG | Leach, D.L., Apodaca, L.E., Kozlowski, A., Landis, G.P., and Hofstra, A.H., 1996, Fluid-inclusion gases in sphalerite, galena, and dolomite from the Silesian-Cracow Zn-Pb district, Poland: Prace Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, v. 154, p. 105-112. |
| MRGI | Leach, D.L., Marsh, E., Emsbo, P., Rombach, C.S., Kelley, K.D., and Anthony, M., 2004, Nature of hydrothermal fluids at the shale-hosted Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, Brooks Range, Alaska: Economic Geology, v. 99, p. 1449-1480. |
| MI | Leach, D.L., Sangster, D.F., Kelley, K.D., Large, R.R., Garven, G., Allen, C.R., Gutzmer, J., and Walters, S., 2005, Sediment-hosted lead-zinc deposits; a global perspective, in Hedenquist, J.W., Thompson, J.F.H., Goldfarb, R.J., and Richards, J.P., eds., Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume, 1905-2005, p. 561-607. |
| MI | Leach, D., Macquar, J-C., Lagneau, V., Leventhal, J., Emsbo, P., and Premo, W., 2006, Precipitation of lead-zinc ores in the Mississippi Valley-type deposit at Treves, Cevennes region of southern France: Geofluids, v. 6, p. 24-44. |
| MR | Mair, J.L., Goldfarb, R.J., Johnson, C.A., Hart, C.J.R., and Marsh, E.E., 2006, Geochemical constraints on the genesis of the Scheelite Dome intrusion-related gold deposit, Tombstone gold belt, Yukon, Canada: Economic Geology, v. 101, p. 523-553. |
| MR | Marsh, E., Goldfarb, R., Hart, C., and Johnson, C.J., 2003, Geology and geochemistry of the Clear Creek intrusion-related gold occurrences, Tintina gold belt, Yukon, Canada: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 40, p. 681-699. |
| MRGLIN | Marsh, E.E., Landis, G.P., Emsbo, P., Todorov, T.I., and Goldfarb, R.J., 2009, Geochemistry of fluid inclusions from orogenic and intrusion-related gold deposits in the Tintina gold province, Alaska and the Yukon Territory: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 41, p. 256. |
| MGS | Neumayr, P., Hagemann, S.G., Banks, D.A., Yardley, B.W.D., Couture, J-F., Landis, G.P., and Rye, R., 2007, Fluid chemistry and evolution of hydrothermal fluids in an Archaean transcrustal fault zone network: the case of the Cadillac Tectonic Zone, Abitibi greenstone belt, Canada: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 44, p. 745-773. |
| MIS | Nishioka, G.K., Kelly, W.C., Lohmann, K.C., and Rye, R.O., 1985, Stable isotope geochemistry and P-T-X conditions of late vein mineralization at White Pine, Michigan: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 17, p. 678. |
| S | Nutt, C.J., and Hofstra, A.H., 2007, Bald Mountain gold mining district, Nevada: A Jurassic reduced intrusion-related gold system: Economic Geology, v. 102, p. 1129-1155. |
| MIS | Percival, T.J., and Hofstra A.H., 2002, Bau, Malaysia; SRHDG deposit associated with Miocene magmatism: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 34, p. 142. |
| MGI | Plumlee, G.S., Leach, D.L., Hofstra, A.H., Landis, G.P., Rowan, E.L., and Viets, J.G., 1994, Chemical reaction path modeling of ore deposition in Mississippi Valley-type Pb-Zn deposits of the Ozark Region, U.S. midcontinent: Economic Geology, v. 89, p. 1361-1383. |
| MS | Radtke, A.S., Rye, R.O., and Dickson, F .W., 1980, Geology and stable isotope studies of the Carlin gold deposit, Nevada: Economic Geology, v. 75, p. 641-672. |
| MS | Richardson, C.K., Rye, R.O., and Wasserman, M.D., 1988, The chemical and thermal evolution of the fluids in the Cave-in-Rock fluorspar district, Illinois; stable isotope systematics at the Deardorff Mine: Economic Geology, v. 83, p. 765-783. |
| MRGLISN | Rusk, B., Landis, G.P., Hunt, A.G., Hofstra, A.H., Reed, M., Dilles, J.H., and Rye, R.O., 2005, Origin and evolution of hydrothermal fluids that formed the porphyry Cu-Mo deposit in Butte, Montana; a multi-faceted fluid inclusion study: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 37, p. 315. |
| MLIN | Rusk, B.G., Hofstra, A.H., Emsbo, P., Hunt, A.G., Landis, G.P., and Rye, R.O., 2007, Origin and compositions of fluids that form porphyry Cu (Mo-Au) deposits: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 39, p. 608. |
| MLIN | Rusk, B.G., Hofstra, A.H., Embso, P., Hunt, A.G., Landis, G.P., and Rye, R.O., 2008, Fluid inclusion insights into the origins of fluids and metals in porphyry copper deposits: PACRIM Congress 2008, The Pacific Rim: Mineral Endowment, Discoveries and Exploration Frontiers, 24-26 November, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, p. 289-294. |
| MLIN | Rusk, B.G., Hofstra, A.H., Emsbo, P., Hunt, A.G., Landis, G.P., Rye, R.O., Reed, M., Dilles, J.H., Valley, J.W., and Kita, N.T., 2009, Low salinity fluids from large open system magma chambers form porphyry-Cu (Mo-Au) deposits: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 41, p. 523. |
| S | Rye, R.O., and O'Neil, J.R., 1968, The 18O content of water in primary fluid inclusions from Providencia, north-central Mexico: Economic Geology, v. 63, p. 232-238. |
| MRGELISN | Rye, R.O., Johnson, C.A., Landis, G.P., Hofstra, A.H., Emsbo, P., Stricker, C.A., Hunt, A.G., Rusk, B.G., 2010, Evolution of Ore Deposits and Technology Transfer Project; isotope and chemical methods in support of the U.S. Geological Survey Science Strategy, 2003-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1343, 43 p. |
| MREL | Todorov, T., Koenig, A.E., Marsh, E.E., Adams, D.T., and Hofstra, A.H., 2009, Techniques for elemental quantification of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS); results for melt and fluid inclusions; problems and solutions: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 41, p. 255. |
| MS | Seal, R.R., II, and Rye, R.O., 1992, Stable isotope study of water-rock interaction and ore formation, Bayhorse base and precious metal district, Idaho: Economic Geology, v. 87, p. 271-287. |
| MS | Seal, R.R., II, and Rye, R.O., 1993, Stable isotope study of fluid inclusions in fluorite from Idaho; implications for continental climates during the Eocene: Geology, v. 21, p. 219-222. |
| S | Seal, R.R., II, Rye, R.O., and Kelly, W.C., 1990, Investigations of postentrapment retrograde 18O exchange between inclusion fluids and quartz: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 22, p. 250. |
| MIS | Turner, S.J., Garwin, S.A., and Hofstra, A.H., 2002, Mesel SRHDG deposit and low-sulfidation gold veins in the Ratatotok district, North Sulawesi, Indonesia: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 34, p. 141. |
| I | Viets, J.G., Hofstra, A.H., and Emsbo, P., 1996, Solute compositions of fluid inclusions in sphalerite from North American and European Mississippi Valley-Type ore deposits: Ore fluids derived from evaporated seawater, in Sangster, D.F., ed., Carbonate-Hosted Lead-Zinc Deposits: Economic Geology Special Publication 4, p. 465-482. |
| MI | Viets, J.G., Hofstra, A.H., Emsbo, P., and Kozlowski, A., 1996, The composition of fluid inclusions in ore and gangue minerals from the Silesian-Cracow mississippi valley-type Zn-Pb deposits Poland; genetic and environmental implications: Prace Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, v. 154, p. 85-104. |
| IS | Vikre, P., Browne, Q.J., Fleck, R., Hofstra, A., Wooden, J., 2011, Ages and sources of components in Zn-Pb, Cu, precious metal, and platinum group element deposits in the Goodsprings district, Clark, County, Nevada: Economic Geology, v. 106, p. 381-412. |
| MI | Xavier, R.P., Rusk, B., Emsbo, P., and Monteiro, L.V.S., 2009, Composition and source of salinity of ore-bearing fluids in Cu-Au systems of the Carajás Mineral Province, Brazil. ISBN 978-0-9805586-8-5: Proceedings of the 10th Biennial Meeting of the the SGA 2009, in 10th Biennial Meeting of the SGA 2009, 17-20 August 2009, Townsville, QLD, Australia, p. 272-274. |
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